🌍 Maharashtra State Board – Std. IX

📘 Chapter 6 – International Problems

✅ 1. Choose the correct option and complete the statements.

(1) Which among the following is an international problem?

(a) Border dispute between Maharashtra and Karnataka
(b) Kaveri water-sharing question
(c) Problems of refugees
(d) Naxalism in Andhra Pradesh

Ans: (c) Problems of refugees

(2) Which among the following rights are not included in human rights?

(a) Right to work
(b) Right to information
(c) Children’s rights
(d) Equal pay for equal work

Ans: (b) Right to information

(3) Which among the following days is observed at the international level?

(a) Teachers’ Day
(b) Children’s Day
(c) Earth Day
(d) Flag Day

Ans: (c) Earth Day

✅ 2. State whether the following statements are true or false. Give reasons.

(1) It is necessary that all nations should cooperate to find remedies for environmental degradation.

Ans: True

Reason:

  1. Environmental problems such as pollution, oil spills, and gas leaks do not remain limited to one country.
  2. Their effects are long-lasting and may affect neighbouring countries and even the whole world.
  3. Therefore, all nations must cooperate to solve environmental problems effectively.

(2) Sino-Indian relations are friendly.

Ans: False

Reason:

  1. India and China have disputes over the Aksai Chin region and the MacMahon Line in Arunachal Pradesh.
  2. These disputes led to the Indo-China War in 1962.
  3. Therefore, relations between the two countries have faced tensions.

✅ 3. Explain the following concepts.

(1) Human Rights

  1. The concept of human rights has developed from the idea of natural rights.
  2. Human rights are the basic rights necessary for a person to live with dignity as a human being.
  3. In India, these rights are included in the Constitution as Fundamental Rights.
  4. Human rights protect equality, freedom, and justice for all individuals.

(2) Degradation of the Environment

  1. Environmental degradation is caused by industrialisation, increasing energy needs, use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides, vehicle pollution, radiation, oil spills, and gas leaks.
  2. It leads to problems such as global warming, water scarcity, soil infertility, extinction of plants and animals, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, and pollution of rivers and seas.
  3. Environmental problems are not limited to one country and have long-term global effects.
  4. Therefore, international cooperation is necessary to protect the environment.

(3) Terrorism

  1. Terrorism means spreading fear and violence among innocent people to achieve political goals.
  2. It is a serious global problem affecting many countries.
  3. Terrorism destroys peace, security, and development.
  4. No country can fight terrorism alone; international cooperation is required.

✅ 4. Complete the activity as per the given instructions.

✅ 5. Answer in brief.

(1) Explain India’s position in establishing human rights.

  1. The Indian Constitution guarantees Fundamental Rights such as the Right to Equality and the Right to Freedom.
  2. The Constitution directs the government to protect weaker sections like women, children, minorities, and disadvantaged groups.
  3. In 1993, the Human Rights Protection Act was passed.
  4. Under this Act, the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) and State Human Rights Commissions were established.
  5. These commissions investigate complaints related to human rights violations and take appropriate action.

(2) Narrate the effects of terrorism and suggest remedies to control it.

Effects of Terrorism:

  1. Terrorism creates fear and insecurity among people.
  2. It leads to the loss of innocent lives and destruction of property.
  3. Tourism, trade, business, and industries suffer due to terrorist activities.
  4. Economic growth is hampered in affected countries.
  5. National security is seriously threatened.

Remedies to Control Terrorism:

  1. Countries must cooperate and share intelligence information.
  2. Strict action should be taken against countries that support terrorism.
  3. Citizens should remain alert and report suspicious activities.
  4. Law enforcement agencies must be strengthened.
  5. Strict punishment should be given to terrorists to discourage such activities.
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