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Maharashtra State Board | Standard IX | History
Economic Development
Chapter 4 · Textbook Solutions
✅ 1. (A) Choose the Correct Option and Complete the Statements.
(1) On 19th July 1969, ________ major banks in India were nationalised.
✔
Ans: Option (b) – On 19th July 1969, 14 major banks in India were nationalised by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.
(2) ________ declared a 20-point programme.
✔
Ans: Option (c) – Indira Gandhi declared the 20-Point Programme on 1st July 1975.
❌ 1. (B) Identify and Write the Wrong Pair.
Identify the wrong pair from the following:
| Person | Associated With |
|---|---|
| ❌ Kavasaji Davar | Iron and Steel Factory |
| Dr. Datta Samant | Leadership of mill workers |
| N. M. Lokhande | Holiday for mill workers |
| Narayan Surve | Depiction of lives of workers through poems |
Ans: The wrong pair is Kavasaji Davar – Iron and Steel Factory.
Reason: Kavasaji Davar did not build an Iron and Steel Factory. He is known for building the first Textile Mill in Mumbai (the Bombay Spinning and Weaving Company, established in 1854).
Reason: Kavasaji Davar did not build an Iron and Steel Factory. He is known for building the first Textile Mill in Mumbai (the Bombay Spinning and Weaving Company, established in 1854).
📊 2. (A) Complete the Following Chart of Five Year Plans.
Complete the following chart.
Ans:| Five Year Plan | Duration | Purposes |
|---|---|---|
| First Plan | 1951 – 1956 | Agriculture and social development. |
| Second Plan | 1956 – 1961 | Industrialisation. |
| Third Plan | 1961 – 1966 | Elimination of inequality, increasing opportunities for employment, and increase in national income. |
| Fourth Plan | 1969 – 1974 | Scientific research, health, and family planning. |
| Fifth Plan | 1974 – 1979 | Making India economically self-sufficient by alleviating poverty. |
📝 2. (B) Write Short Notes.
(1) Mixed Economy
Ans:- iIn a capitalist system, the means of production are privately owned. In a socialist economy, the means of production are owned by the State in the name of society.
- iiA mixed economy works in both the private and public sectors.
- iiiIn order to achieve the economic development of modern India, the country gave preference to a model of ‘mixed economy’. This kind of economy has three parts:
Public Sector
Industries in this sector are completely under the control and management of the government.
Example: Production of defence equipment.
Private Sector
Industries in this sector are owned by private industrialists, though the government supervises and controls them too.
Example: Consumer goods.
Joint Sector
In this sector, some industries are owned by private industrialists while others are run under government management.
- ivFor a mixed economy to run smoothly, there is a need for coordination between the private sector and the public sector.
- vThis system aims at maximising production and ensuring popular participation on a large scale.
- viAn effort has been made in this system to bring together the good aspects of both the capitalist and the socialist systems.
- viiA mixed economy cannot ignore the profit motive, entrepreneurship, discipline, and time-bound planning.
(2) 20-Point Programme
Ans:Prime Minister Indira Gandhi announced the 20-Point Programme on 1st July 1975, and resolved to make efforts towards rapidly developing the nation. The main provisions of the 20-Point Programme are as follows:
Provision 1
Land ceiling for cities and agricultural land; equal division of wealth; minimum wages for workers; and increase in water conservation schemes.
Provision 2
Workers’ participation in industry; national training scheme; and freeing bonded labour.
Provision 3
Prevention of tax evasion, economic crimes, and smuggling.
Provision 4
Regulation of prices of basic necessities and improvement in the public distribution system.
Provision 5
Improvement in the textile industry by developing the handloom sector; waiving loans for weaker sections; providing housing and communication facilities; and making educational equipment available to schools.
💡 3. (A) Explain the Following Statements with Reasons.
(1) Independent India opted for a mixed economy.
Ans:- iPrime Minister Pandit Nehru adopted the middle path rather than taking recourse to any extremes. Some countries had adopted Capitalism, while others had adopted Socialism. Each type of economy has its own advantages.
- iiIn a capitalist system, the means of production are privately owned. In a socialist economy, the means of production are owned by the State in the name of society.
- iiiA mixed economy works in both the private and public sectors. In order to achieve the economic development of modern India, the country gave preference to a model of ‘mixed economy’. Hence, Independent India opted for a mixed economy.
(2) Banks were nationalised in 1969.
Ans:- iDuring the tenure of Prime Ministers Pandit Nehru and Lal Bahadur Shastri, banking was a monopoly of the private sector.
- iiThese banks represented different industrial groups. The Directors of these banks worked mainly towards developing the industrial sector and increasing its profits, rather than serving the common people.
- iiiIn order to stop this, the government nationalised the ‘Imperial Bank’ in 1955, and it was converted into the State Bank of India.
- ivThis bank opened several branches all over the country in a short time and played a major role in the country’s development.
- vSince India had adopted a mixed economy after independence, the nationalisation of banks was essential to cover deficits that might occur while implementing different government schemes.
- viMoreover, the profits of these banks would flow into the government treasury once they were nationalised. Hence, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi nationalised 14 major banks on 19th July 1969.
(3) Mill workers went on strike.
Ans:- iDuring Diwali 1981, the workers expected to receive a bonus of 20%.
- iiHowever, the Rashtriya Mill Mazdoor Sangh, which was negotiating with the employers, agreed upon a bonus of only 8 to 17% without taking the workers into confidence.
- iiiThe cut in the expected bonus proved to be the cause of serious unrest among the workers. Some of them approached Dr. Datta Samant for leadership.
- ivWorkers from 65 mills came together under Dr. Datta Samant’s leadership, and on 18th January 1982, two and a half lakh workers went on a historic strike.
📖 3. (B) Answer the Following Questions in Detail.
(1) Which programmes were started in the 8th Five-Year Plan?
Ans:The following programmes were started during the Eighth Five-Year Plan:
1Pradhanmantri Rozgar Yojana
2Mahila Samriddhi Yojana
3Rashtriya Samajik, Arthik Sahayya Yojana
4Midday Meal Scheme
5Indira Mahila Scheme
6Ganga Kalyan Scheme
(2) Which projects were started in the 2nd Five-Year Plan?
Ans:- iIron and steel industries were set up at Durgapur, Bhilai, and Rourkela; chemical fertilizer plants at Sindri; a rail engine factory at Chittaranjan; a factory of railway bogies at Perambur; a shipbuilding factory at Visakhapatnam; and other heavy industries were established in the Public Sector.
- iiHuge dams like Bhakra-Nangal and Damodar were built to make water available for agriculture across the country.