India: Events after 1960 – Std. 9 History Notes
🇮🇳 🏛️ 🇮🇳 🏛️ 🇮🇳 🏛️ 🇮🇳

Maharashtra State Board  |  Standard IX  |  History

India: Events after 1960

Chapter 2  ·  Textbook Solutions

🏛️ Prime Ministers 🌾 Green & White Revolution 🌐 Globalisation 📅 Chronological Chart

✅ 1. (A) Choose the Correct Option and Complete the Statements.

(1) The Prime Minister of India who took an initiative in resolving the question of the Tamil minority in Sri Lanka was ________.

(a) Rajiv Gandhi ✓ (b) Indira Gandhi (c) H. D. Deve Gowda (d) P. V. Narasimha Rao
✔ Ans: Option (a) – Rajiv Gandhi was the Prime Minister of India who took an initiative in resolving the question of the Tamil minority in Sri Lanka.

(2) ________ is the father of the Green Revolution in India.

(a) Dr. Verghese Kurien (b) Homi Bhabha (c) M. S. Swaminathan ✓ (d) Dr. Norman Borlaug
✔ Ans: Option (c) – M. S. Swaminathan is the father of the Green Revolution in India.
💡 Note: Dr. Verghese Kurien is associated with the White Revolution (Operation Flood), while M. S. Swaminathan is associated with the Green Revolution in agriculture.

❌ 1. (B) Identify and Write the Wrong Pair.

Identify the wrong pair from the following:

Prime MinisterAssociated With
Indira GandhiNational Emergency
Rajiv GandhiDevelopment in science and technology
P. V. Narasimha RaoEconomic improvements
❌ ChandrashekharMandal Commission
Ans: The wrong pair is Chandrashekhar – Mandal Commission.

Reason: The Mandal Commission recommendations were implemented by Prime Minister Vishwanath Pratap Singh, not Chandrashekhar. Chandrashekhar had a very short-lived government (1990–1991) and is not associated with the Mandal Commission.

📅 2. (A) Chronological Chart of Prime Ministers and Their Tenure.

Based on the information in the chapter, prepare a chronological chart of Prime Ministers and their tenure.

Ans:
  • 1947
    Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
    1947 – 1964
  • 1964
    Lal Bahadur Shastri
    1964 – 1966
  • 1966
    Indira Gandhi
    1966 – 1977
  • 1977
    Morarji Desai
    1977 – 1979
  • 1979
    Charan Singh
    1979 – 1980
  • 1980
    Indira Gandhi (2nd term)
    1980 – 1984
  • 1984
    Rajiv Gandhi
    1984 – 1989
  • 1989
    Vishwanath Pratap Singh
    1989 – 1990
  • 1990
    Chandra Shekhar
    1990 – 1991
  • 1991
    P. V. Narasimha Rao
    1991 – 1996
  • 1996
    Atal Bihari Vajpayee (1st term)
    1996
  • 1996
    H. D. Deve Gowda
    1996 – 1997
  • 1997
    Inder Kumar Gujral
    1997 – 1998
  • 1998
    Atal Bihari Vajpayee (2nd term)
    1998 – 2004
  • 2004
    Dr. Manmohan Singh
    2004 – 2014
  • 2014
    Narendra Damodardas Modi
    2014 – Incumbent

📝 2. (B) Write Short Notes.

(1) Globalisation

Ans:
  • iGlobalisation brought about many changes in different fields such as the economy, politics, science and technology, and society and culture.
  • iiIndia has emerged as an important country on the global scene in many different spheres.
  • iiiIndia is an important member of international organisations like the G-20 and BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa).
  • ivIndia has experienced a significant revolution in the field of telecommunication technology.
  • vMobile phones, the internet, and communication facilities based on satellites have spread all across the country.
  • viThis has resulted in a total transformation in the lifestyle of Indians, especially the youth.
  • viiThese changes are visible in their dietary habits, clothing, language, and beliefs.

(2) White Revolution

Ans:
  • iThe White Revolution is a major milestone in India’s efforts towards self-reliance in food production.
  • iiThe experiment in the cooperative dairy movement led by Dr. Verghese Kurien resulted in a tremendous increase in milk production in India.
  • iiiThis large-scale increase in milk production through the cooperative dairy movement is called the ‘White Revolution’, also known as Operation Flood.

💡 3. Give Reasons.

(1) The Morarji Desai government lasted for a short while.

Ans:
  • iAgainst the backdrop of the Emergency, many opposition parties came together and formed a party called the Janata Party.
  • iiThe Congress Party led by Indira Gandhi was roundly defeated by this newly formed Janata Party.
  • iiiMorarji Desai became Prime Minister, but under his leadership, the Janata Party government could not last long due to serious internal differences among its members.
  • ivHence, the Morarji Desai government lasted for only a short while.

(2) The army had to be sent into the Golden Temple in Amritsar.

Ans:
  • iThe Sikhs in Punjab demanded an independent state of Khalistan and began a movement that eventually became violent and destructive.
  • iiPakistan had lent its support to this movement, which further complicated the situation.
  • iiiIn 1984, some militants had allegedly taken shelter inside the Golden Temple at Amritsar — a holy shrine of the Sikhs.
  • ivHence, the Indian army was sent into the Golden Temple in Amritsar to evict the militants who had taken shelter there. This operation is known as Operation Blue Star.

(3) The National Planning Commission was set up in India.

Ans:
  • iAfter independence, India wanted to acquire modernity and self-reliance by establishing industries across the country.
  • iiIndia also wanted to establish an economy based on social justice through proper planning and coordination.
  • iiiFor this purpose, the National Planning Commission was established. It would coordinate the development of the country through the policy of Five Year Plans.

📖 4. Answer the Following Questions in Detail.

(1) How was 1991 a year of important changes in the history of the world and of India?

Ans:
  • iThe year 1991 is considered very important in the history of both the world and India.
  • iiThe Soviet Union disintegrated into several different smaller countries, and the Cold War came to an end.
  • iiiDuring this period in India, the Ram Janma Bhoomi and Babri Mosque issue at Ayodhya came to the forefront and created significant political tension.
  • ivThe government under the leadership of Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao initiated many important changes in the Indian economy.
  • vThese economic reforms are called economic liberalisation. The Indian economy flourished as a result of the implementation of this policy.
  • viSkilled Indian professionals helped reform the Indian economy, and the field of information technology opened several new avenues for employment in the country.
  • viiThe wide-ranging changes that took place after 1991 are also collectively described as ‘globalisation’.

(2) What are the characteristics of the Indian economy?

Ans:
  • iRight from independence, the modernisation of the economy, economic self-sufficiency, and social justice have been the core characteristics of the Indian economy.
  • iiIndia wanted to acquire modernity and self-reliance by establishing industries throughout the country.
  • iiiIt also wanted to establish an economy based on social justice through systematic planning.
  • ivFor this purpose, the National Planning Commission was established, which would coordinate development through the policy of Five Year Plans.

🇮🇳 5. Challenges Before India and Strengths of India.

With the help of the information in the chapter, complete the list of the challenges before India and the strengths of India.

Ans:
⚠️ Challenges in Front of India 💪 Strengths of India
India–Pakistan War (for example) Unity in diversity (for example)
Cross-border terrorism Membership in G-20 and BRICS
Corruption Nuclear preparedness
Separatism Establishment of the National Planning Commission

🇮🇳 Maharashtra State Board  ·  Standard IX  ·  History  ·  Chapter 2 — India: Events after 1960 🇮🇳

Notes prepared for classroom use

Scroll to Top