Maharashtra State Board – Standard IX

Chapter 5 – Education

1. Choose the correct option and complete the statements.

(1) The scientist who developed the PARAM-8000 supercomputer –

(a) Dr Vijay Bhatkar
(b) Dr R. H. Dave
(c) P. Parthasarathy
(d) None of the above

Ans: Option (a) – Dr Vijay Bhatkar

(2) The magazine Jeevan Shikshan is published by –

(a) Balbharati
(b) University Education Commission
(c) MSCERT

Ans: Option (c) – MSCERT

(3) The educational institution called IIT is famous for education in the area of –

(a) Agriculture
(b) Medicine
(c) Skilled managers
(d) Engineering

Ans: Option (d) – Engineering

2. Complete the activities as per the instructions.

(A) Identify the wrong pair and give reason.

  1. Kavasaji Davar – Iron and Steel factory
  2. Dr Datta Samant – Leadership of mill workers
  3. N. M. Lokhande – Holiday for mill workers
  4. Narayan Surve – Depiction of workers’ lives through poems

Ans: The wrong pair is Kavasaji Davar – Iron and Steel factory.

Reason: Kavasaji Davar established the first textile mill in Mumbai, not an iron and steel factory.

(B) Complete the following chart.

IndividualWork
First Education Minister of IndiaMaulana Abul Kalam Azad
Dr. Sarvepalli RadhakrishnanChairman of the University Education Commission
Prof. Sayyad RaufPreparation of a common state-wide curriculum for Std. I to VII in Maharashtra
Anutai WaghKosbad Project
Kosbad ProjectEducational development of tribal children

(C) Timeline – National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT)

  • 1 September 1961 – NCERT was established in New Delhi.
  • 1970 – The United Nations declared 1970 as the International Education Year.
  • 1974 – A committee under P. Parthasarathy was appointed regarding open university education.
  • 1975 – India successfully used a satellite for educational purposes.
  • 1986 – National Policy on Education was adopted.
  • 1988 – Primary Education Curriculum was prepared.
  • 1995 – Competency-based primary education curriculum was introduced.

3. Explain the following statements with reasons.

(1) The District Primary Education Programme was undertaken.

  1. The District Primary Education Programme (DPEP) was launched in 1994.
  2. Its objective was to universalise primary education.
  3. It aimed to achieve 100% enrolment and reduce drop-out rates.
  4. Special attention was given to girls and children with disabilities.
  5. It also included research, evaluation, alternative education, and public awareness programmes.

(2) The NCERT was established.

  1. NCERT was established on 1 September 1961 in New Delhi.
  2. Its main objective is to assist the Central Government in school education policy and planning.
  3. It conducts research and training programmes for teachers.
  4. It prepares and revises school curricula and textbooks.
  5. It works in cooperation with CBSE and provides guidance to state governments.

(3) The farmers were benefited by the Indian Agricultural Research Institute.

  1. The Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) was granted university status in 1958.
  2. Research was conducted in soil science, crop development, agricultural science, and economic botany.
  3. Studies on wheat, pulses, oilseeds, and vegetables were carried out.
  4. Research on multiple cropping methods greatly benefited farmers.
  5. These efforts helped increase agricultural productivity in India.

4. Write short notes on –

(1) Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU)

  1. IGNOU was established on 20 September 1985.
  2. It was created to provide education to those who could not pursue regular college education.
  3. The idea of an open university was discussed in a seminar held in 1970.
  4. A committee under P. Parthasarathy recommended its establishment.
  5. IGNOU provides flexible admission criteria and distance education programmes.
  6. It started audio-visual education through Akashvani and Doordarshan in 1990.
  7. It offers numerous courses in India and abroad.

(2) Kothari Commission

  1. The Kothari Commission was appointed in 1964 under Dr D. S. Kothari.
  2. It recommended the 10+2+3 pattern of education.
  3. This system was implemented in 1972.
  4. It suggested a uniform national education system.
  5. It emphasised education in the mother tongue, Hindi, and English.
  6. It recommended adult education and open universities.
  7. It also suggested increasing government expenditure on education.

(3) Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC)

  1. BARC conducts research in nuclear physics, chemical sciences, and life sciences.
  2. It trains scientists in nuclear research and reactor technology.
  3. It plays an important role in India’s scientific development.

(4) Balbharati

  1. The Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research (Balbharati) was established on 27 January 1967 in Pune.
  2. It prepares school textbooks in eight languages.
  3. It also publishes the children’s magazine Kishor.

5. Answer the following questions in detail.

(1) Which programmes were included in the Operation Blackboard scheme?

  1. The scheme aimed to improve primary school facilities.
  2. It provided at least two classrooms, toilets, blackboards, and teaching materials.
  3. Schools were provided with maps, laboratory equipment, and a small library.
  4. One of the two teachers was required to be a female teacher.
  5. In 1994, the scheme was expanded to appoint additional teachers and classrooms in large schools.
  6. Priority was given to rural schools and schools for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
  7. Fifty percent of teaching posts were reserved for female teachers.

(2) What role do agricultural schools and colleges play in the development of agriculture?

  1. Agricultural institutions conduct research in crop improvement and soil science.
  2. They develop new farming techniques and improved seeds.
  3. They train farmers and agricultural experts.
  4. Their research on multiple cropping has increased agricultural productivity.
  5. These institutions contribute significantly to India’s agricultural growth.

(3) Describe with examples the progress that India has made in the field of medicine.

  1. The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) conducts medical research.
  2. It supports research in universities and medical colleges.
  3. Research centres across India have helped control diseases like tuberculosis and leprosy.
  4. The All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) was established for advanced medical education and research.
  5. AIIMS offers undergraduate and postgraduate medical courses.
  6. It provides affordable treatment and has super-speciality centres for heart, brain, and eye diseases.
  7. The Medical Council of India regulates standards of medical education.
  8. These efforts have greatly improved India’s healthcare system.

(4) Write a note on the curricular and co-curricular activities conducted in your school.

Languages

Our school encourages participation in drama, elocution, and poetry recitation competitions. Students read newspaper headlines in Marathi and English to improve language skills.

Mathematics and Science

Practical experiments are conducted regularly. Special classes in Vedic Mathematics are arranged. Educational trips to science centres and planetariums are organised. Science project exhibitions are held every year.

Social Studies

Field visits and trips to museums and historical places are organised. The school library has a large collection of books and documentaries to enhance knowledge.

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