🌍 Maharashtra State Board – Std. IX

📘 Chapter 8 – Industry and Trade

🟢 1. (A) Choose the correct option and complete the statements.

(1) In 1948, Industrial Finance Corporation of India was formed for _______

(a) better development of the industrial sector
(b) making available long-term loans to industrial projects
(c) generating employment
(d) determining the quality of finished goods

✅ Answer: (b) making available long-term loans to industrial projects

(2) _______ industry in India is called the ‘Sunrise Sector’.

(a) Jute
(b) Automobile
(c) Cement
(d) Khadi and village industries

✅ Answer: (b) Automobile

(3) The major responsibility of the Textiles Committee is _______

(a) Production of cloth
(b) Determining the quality standards of cloth
(c) Export of cloth
(d) Generate employment for people

✅ Answer: (b) Determining the quality standards of cloth

(4) _______ is the major Indian city in the production of bicycles.

(a) Mumbai
(b) Ludhiana
(c) Kochi
(d) Kolkata

✅ Answer: (b) Ludhiana

🟢 1. (B) Identify and write the wrong pair.

  1. Industrial Finance Corporation of India – Makes long-term loans available for industrial projects.
  2. Industrial Development Corporation – Development of the industrial sector.
  3. Textiles Committee – Welfare of weavers.
  4. Khadi and Village Industries Commission – Promotion of industrialisation in rural areas.

❌ Wrong Pair:
Textiles Committee – Welfare of weavers.

✔ The Textiles Committee mainly determines and maintains quality standards of textiles.

🟢 2. (A) Complete the activity as per the given instructions.

📊 Goods Imported and Exported by India

Goods Imported in IndiaGoods Exported from India
MachinesTea
IronCoffee
Mineral oilSpices
FertilisersCotton textiles
MedicinesLeather goods
—Bicycles and tractors
—Pearls and precious stones

🟢 2. (B) Write short notes on:

(1) India’s Imports and Exports

  1. When goods and services are produced in one country and sold to another country, it is called export.
  2. Purchasing goods and services from another country is called import.
  3. After the establishment of the Planning Commission and industrial growth, the demand for machinery and raw materials increased in India.
  4. Therefore, India began importing machines, iron, mineral oil, fertilisers, medicines, etc.
  5. After Independence, India encouraged exports to strengthen the economy.
  6. India exports tea, coffee, spices, cotton textiles, leather goods, pearls, and precious stones.

(2) Internal Trade of India

  1. Internal trade has played an important role in the development of India’s industrial sector.
  2. Goods such as coal, cotton, textiles, rice, wheat, raw jute, iron, steel, oilseeds, salt, and sugar are traded within the country.
  3. Railways, roads, waterways, airports, and major ports like Mumbai, Kolkata, Kochi, and Chennai help in internal trade.
  4. Internal trade generates employment opportunities and contributes to the country’s progress.

🟢 3. Explain the following statements with reasons.

(1) The tourism industry has developed a lot in India.

  1. India has a rich cultural heritage with temples, mosques, churches, forts, caves, pilgrimage centres, and historical monuments.
  2. Tourists from India and abroad visit these places throughout the year.
  3. Facilities for accommodation and travel are provided by Tourism Development Corporations.
  4. Hotels, restaurants, and shops selling handicrafts flourish in tourist areas.
  5. Tourist guides provide information about historical and cultural places.
  6. Local people earn income by offering transport and other services in remote tourist areas.
  7. Thus, tourism creates employment and supports economic development.

(2) The quality of life and standard of living of Indian citizens is increasing.

  1. After Independence, the Industrial Finance Corporation of India was established in 1948 to provide long-term financial support to industries.
  2. The Industrial Development Corporation was established in 1954 to promote industrial growth.
  3. Industrial development has created many employment opportunities.
  4. Increased employment leads to higher income and better living conditions.
  5. Therefore, the standard of living of Indian citizens has improved.

🟢 4. Answer the following questions in detail.

(1) What efforts are made by our government to promote agricultural industries?

The government has taken several steps to promote agriculture and agro-based industries:

  1. Loans are provided to farmers through rural banks and cooperative societies.
  2. Study tours, agricultural exhibitions, and farmers’ meetings are organised by Panchayat Samitis.
  3. Farmers are supplied with improved tools, seeds, and fertilisers.
  4. Training is given in soil testing, fruit cultivation, fish farming, poultry farming, dairy farming, and animal husbandry.
  5. District-level training institutes provide guidance and technical knowledge.
  6. Financial assistance is given to build warehouses for storing agricultural produce.

(2) How is employment generated in the tourism sector?

  1. Tourism Development Corporations provide accommodation and transport facilities.
  2. Hotels, restaurants, and souvenir shops provide jobs to local people.
  3. Tourist guides earn income by explaining historical and cultural details.
  4. Local transport providers and helpers earn wages in remote tourist areas.
  5. Thus, tourism creates direct and indirect employment opportunities.

(3) Which industries in India are based on forests?

  1. The government has reserved certain forests for forest-based industries.
  2. Forest conservation is carried out by the central and state governments along with local communities.
  3. Industries based on forests include paper, newsprint, construction, silk, matchbox, medicinal herbs, honey, lacquer, and paint industries.
  4. Forests provide essential raw materials for these industries.

(4) Write a short note on the leather industry in India.

  1. The leather industry produces footwear, bags, belts, garments, and other leather goods.
  2. Raw materials are obtained mainly from the by-products of the meat industry.
  3. It is a labour-intensive industry and provides employment to millions of people.
  4. India is one of the leading producers and exporters of leather goods and footwear in the world.
  5. The leather industry contributes significantly to India’s exports and economy.
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