📘 Std 9 – History | Changing Life : Part 1

Maharashtra State Board

✨ Chapter Introduction

The chapter “Changing Life” explains how Indian society has changed after independence. It focuses on healthcare, family system, urbanisation, economic life, and social welfare programmes that have improved people’s lives.

🔹 Q1. Choose the Correct Option

(1) The first open-heart surgery under the leadership of Dr N. Gopinathan was successfully performed in the city of _____

(a) Chennai
(b) Vellore
(c) Hyderabad
(d) Mumbai

Ans: (b) Vellore

(2) _____ is known as the father of the ‘Jaipur Foot’.

(a) Dr N. Gopinathan
(b) Dr Pramod Sethi
(c) Dr Mohan Rao
(d) None of the above

Ans: (b) Dr Pramod Sethi

✅ 2. Identify and write the wrong pair.

(1) Dr N. Gopinathan – Open-heart surgery
(2) Ramchandra Sharma – Skilled craftsman
(3) Dr Subhash Mukhopadhyaya – Test-tube baby
(4) Dr Mohan Rao – Polio

Ans: The wrong pair is Dr Mohan Rao – Polio.

✅ Correct Pair: Dr Mohan Rao – Family Planning Programme

🔹 Q3. Explain the Following Concepts

🏠 1) The Institution of Family

  1. During the pre-independence period, the institution of the family was an important feature of Indian society.
  2. India was known throughout the world as a country of joint families.
  3. After independence, due to urbanisation and globalisation, the system of nuclear families began to increase.
  4. Today, both joint and nuclear families exist in Indian society.

🦿 2) Jaipur Foot Technology

  1. Before 1968, people who lost their limbs in accidents had to suffer throughout their lives.
  2. Dr Pramod Sethi, with the help of skilled craftsman Ramchandra Sharma, developed artificial limbs known as the Jaipur Foot.
  3. These artificial limbs allow differently-abled people to walk barefoot, run, cycle, work in fields, and even climb mountains.
  4. The Jaipur Foot is flexible, affordable, and suitable for Indian conditions.
  5. It allows people to sit cross-legged and work in wet conditions easily.

🏙 3) Urbanisation

  1. Urbanisation is the process of increasing population in cities and urban areas.
  2. One major reason for urbanisation is the growth in population.
  3. Other reasons include industrialisation, job opportunities in cities, and lack of employment in rural areas.
  4. After independence, migration from villages to cities increased due to better education, medical facilities, and employment opportunities.

💼 4) Changing Economic Life

  1. Earlier, villages were economically self-sufficient.
  2. Most villagers depended on agriculture for their livelihood.
  3. Agricultural produce was exchanged with artisans for their services.
  4. Today, rural areas are engaged in agriculture and related occupations, while urban areas focus on industries and the service sector.
  5. The economic structure of society has changed significantly over time.

🔹 Q4. Give Reasons

(1) The campaign for Pulse Polio Immunisation was taken up.

  1. As a result, India has successfully controlled and eradicated polio.
  2. Earlier, many children in India suffered from polio and other serious diseases.
  3. The government started the Pulse Polio Immunisation Programme in 1995 to protect children from polio.
  4. The immunisation programme also helped prevent diseases like measles, tetanus, tuberculosis, diphtheria, and whooping cough.
  5. As a result, India has successfully controlled and eradicated polio.

🚰 2) The Rural Water Supply Scheme was started.

  1. The scheme was started to provide safe and clean drinking water to rural area
  2. Many villages faced problems such as lack of drinking water, poor sanitation, and inadequate health facilities.
  3. The government constructed wells, small dams, and provided piped water supply.
  4. This improved public health and hygiene in rural areas.

    🔹 Q5. Answer in 25–30 Words

    ⚖ 1) Which kinds of discrimination does the Constitution prohibit?

    1. The Constitution of India states that all citizens are equal before the law.
    2. It prohibits discrimination on the basis of religion, race, caste, gender, or place of birth.
    3. .All citizens have the right to freedom of speech and expression.
    4. They have the freedom to assemble peacefully, form associations, move freely, live anywhere in India, and practice any occupation.
    5. Citizens also have the right to preserve their language, script, and culture.

    🎯 2) What is the aim of social welfare programmes?

    1. The Constitution aims to establish a welfare state.
    2. Social welfare programmes aim to provide employment, healthcare, education, and development opportunities to all citizens.
    3. These programmes focus especially on women, children, differently-abled persons, Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and minorities.
    4. In 1964, the Government of India established the Ministry of Social Welfare to implement such programmes.
    5. These programmes include nutrition schemes, child development, social security, and women’s welfare.

    🌾 3) What are the challenges facing rural development?

    1. A large percentage of India’s population lives in rural areas.
    2. Rural areas provide food grains, raw materials, and labour to urban industries.
    3. The major challenges include economic development, improvement of social facilities, and change in social attitudes.
    4. There is also a need to improve irrigation projects and implement land reforms.

    🔹 Q6. Brief Review of Significant Events in Public Health in India

    1. The Indian Constitution emphasises raising the standard of living and promoting public health.
    2. Traditional systems of medicine like Ayurveda, Unani, Homoeopathy, and Naturopathy were recognised along with Allopathy.
    3. The first successful open-heart surgery was performed at Christian Medical College, Vellore.
    4. The development of the Jaipur Foot improved the lives of differently-abled persons.
    5. A successful kidney transplant was performed in 1971 at Vellore.
    6. Test-tube baby technology was successfully implemented in Kolkata, helping childless couples.
    7. The Pulse Polio Immunisation Programme launched in 1995 helped eliminate polio and protect children from deadly diseases.
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