📘 Maharashtra State Board – Standard VIII

Chapter 8 – Industries

1. Mark ✓ in the box next to the right alternative.

(A) Which factor amongst those mentioned below does not directly impact industrial development?

(i) Water
(ii) Electricity
(iii) Labour
(iv) Air

Ans: ✓ (iv) Air

(B) Which of the following is a small industry?

(i) Machine parts
(ii) Book binding industry
(iii) Silk industry
(iv) Sugar industry

Ans: ✓ (ii) Book binding industry

(C) Which of the following cities is not an IT Centre?

(i) Old Delhi
(ii) New Delhi
(iii) Noida
(iv) Bengaluru

Ans: ✓ (i) Old Delhi

(D) An amount of 2% of the profits has to be utilised for which purpose by industries?

(i) Income Tax
(ii) Corporate Social Responsibility
(iii) Goods and Service Tax
(iv) Sales Tax

Ans: ✓ (ii) Corporate Social Responsibility

2. State whether the following statements are True or False. Correct the incorrect statements.

(a) Small and medium industries of a country are harmful to heavy industries.

Ans: False.
Correct Statement: Small and medium industries of a country support heavy industries.

(b) The level of industrialisation is an indicator of the economic development of a country.

Ans: True.

(c) The aim of the industrial development corporations is to decentralise industrialisation.

Ans: True.

(d) Corporate Social Responsibility is compulsory for every industrialist.

Ans: False.
Correct Statement: Corporate Social Responsibility is not compulsory for every industry. It is compulsory only for certain companies as per government rules.

3. Answer the following questions in three to four lines.

(a) What facilities are provided by the government to industrial estates?

Ans:
The government provides the following facilities to industrial estates:

  1. Concessional rates for electricity, water, and taxes.
  2. Land at concessional rates.
  3. Basic infrastructure such as roads and drainage facilities.

(b) Write in your own words how industrial development impacts national development.

Ans:

  1. Industrial development generates employment opportunities.
  2. Increased employment raises per capita income and improves the standard of living.
  3. It increases the Gross National Product (GNP).
  4. Surplus goods can be exported, earning foreign exchange for the country.

Thus, industrial development plays an important role in national development.

(c) Give your opinion in short on the usefulness of Corporate Social Responsibility.

Ans:

  1. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) means industries working for society and environmental protection.
  2. Industries earning annual profits of more than ₹5 crore are expected to spend 2% of their profits on social welfare activities.
  3. These activities include education, health services, village development, and environmental protection.

CSR improves the welfare of society and benefits the nation.

(d) Mention three features of small industries.

Ans:

  1. Small industries require less capital, machinery, and manpower.
  2. They need smaller premises for daily operations.
  3. Their goods are usually sold in local or regional markets.

4. Write detailed answers to the following questions.

(a) Explain the factors affecting industrial development.

Ans:

  1. Scientific and technological advancement, availability of labour, transport facilities, markets, raw materials, government policies, and political stability influence industrial development.
  2. Industrial development is limited in mountainous, desert, and dense forest regions due to poor transport facilities.
  3. Fertile plains with moderate rainfall support agriculture, which provides raw materials for industries. Hence, such regions have higher industrial development.

(b) State the advantages of the Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC).

Ans:

  1. MIDC provides infrastructure such as land, roads, water supply, drainage, and street lighting.
  2. It has developed industrial hubs, IT corridors, and airports.
  3. It promotes employment opportunities and economic growth.
  4. It attracts foreign investment and supports business development in the state.

(c) Explain the importance of the I.T. industry.

Ans:

  1. The I.T. industry deals with searching, analysing, compiling, and presenting information.
  2. It provides information through computers, mobile phones, and the internet at low cost and in less time.
  3. It supports personal, economic, social, and cultural development.
  4. India has made rapid progress in this industry.

(d) Considering India’s population, the development of industries is a good solution to the problem of unemployment. Explain.

Ans:

  1. According to the 2011 Census, India’s population was nearly 121 crore.
  2. Agriculture is seasonal in nature, leading to unemployment.
  3. Small industries provide jobs to less skilled and less educated people.
  4. Medium and large industries in rural areas reduce migration to cities.
  5. Industrial development increases employment opportunities and reduces unemployment.

5. Prepare a flow chart for the following statements.

(a) The journey of clothes we use from the farm to ourselves.

Flow Chart:

Cotton Farming
⬇
Harvesting
⬇
Ginning
⬇
Spinning
⬇
Weaving / Knitting
⬇
Dyeing and Finishing
⬇
Stitching
⬇
Retail Market
⬇
Consumer

(b) Essential factors for the location of any one industry.

Flow Chart:

Availability of Raw Materials
⬇
Water Supply
⬇
Electricity
⬇
Transport Facilities
⬇
Labour
⬇
Market
⬇
Government Policies

6. Highlight the differences.

(a) Medium Industries – Heavy Industries

Heavy IndustriesMedium Industries
Require huge capital investment.Require moderate capital investment.
Produce large-scale output.Produce moderate output.
More use of machinery; less labour involvement.More labour involvement compared to heavy industries.
Located near raw materials and special requirements.Do not require highly specialised locations.

(b) Agro-Based Industries – Information Technology Industries

Agro-Based IndustriesInformation Technology Industries
Based on agricultural raw materials.Based on computers and the internet.
Require less skilled labour.Require skilled and specialised technicians.
Require comparatively less capital investment.Require high capital investment.
Knowledge of traditional agriculture is necessary.Technical expertise is essential.
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